Great Revolutions, as great international developments, lay emphasis on universal ideas which aim at extra-national and extraterritorial objectives to redeem mankind. These revolutions by offering the idea of redemption and liberation of mankind, announce to the world that liberation and redemption from the existing undesirable condition is on their agenda and by materializing this great goal they will present felicity and happiness to human societies. The present article is an attempt to comparatively study the liberation ideas in the three great revolutions in France, Russia and Iran to find out their similarities and differences. The main question of the present research is: What are the conceptual differences and similarities between redemptive ideas of the three great revolutions? In order to provide answer to this question, the main features of great revolutions will be explained in the light of the conceptual framework of millennialism as well as their redemptive ideas as their ideological and pragmatic sources. The hypothesis of this research is: All great revolutions, despite their fundamental ideological differences, have relatively similar ideas in the field of redemption of mankind.

Deploying the analytical method, this article addresses Mahmoud Ayoub’s theory of redemptive suffering in Islam. This theory was inspired by the Christian doctrine of redemptive suffering, wherein Jesus Christ’s passions are considered an atonement for the deliverance and salvation of humanity, liberating them from slavery to sins. Considering that Imam al-Husayn’s suffering and martyrdom in Karbala granted him the right to intercession, through which he can deliver people from the fires of hell, Ayoub presents a model for redemption and salvation based on Islamic doctrines and Imami Shiite theology. This article provides a critical examination of Ayoub’s model. Finally, by assessing the possibility and potentiality of the concept of redemption in Shiite theology, the article aims to pave another path for research on its full compatibility with the theological principles of Imami Shiism.

The Theory of ideas suggested by Plato has had a great impact on different fields of philosophical discussion because it suggests a wider universe including being with a distinctive feature. Shaykh Ishraq, Shahabuddin Suhrawardi sympathized with this theory. He gives a determining place to "ideas" in his ontological system and tries to establish it through firm arguments. He also makes all his efforts to give this theory a more plausible and more rational structure by explaining the relation of the world of ideas with its superior and inferior worlds.This article is an inquiry into the definition and nature of ideas from the viewpoint of Plato and Shaykh Ishraq, the latter's arguments for establishing such a world, and the place of this theory in the ontological system of the two thinkers. The main objective of the author, however, has been to investigate about Suhrawardi's point of view; therefore, Plato's theory has been discussed in order to show the commonalities and the differences between the two theories.

Innate ideas are one of the basic principles of Descartes's epistemology.However he is concerned with this issue in different texts giving rise to confusion and different interpretations. This article clarifies the confusion and interprets his doctrine in a coherent and, in some aspects, new way. He understands “innate” in two different ways. The first section is devoted to some evidences to these two meanings. In the second section his view is compared with those of his contemporaries. The actual or potential existence of innate ideas, their epistemic functions and the relation between them and universals are discussed in the other sections. Finally, it is shown that this interpretation is coherent and consistent with Descartes's different texts.

Adorno has left a book entitled "Aesthetic Theory." In this article the purpose of the writer is to indicate the aesthetic ideas of Adorno as expressed in this book. The main focus in this article is on the political process of aesthetics and Adorno's negative dialectic.

We have been investigated different ideas of Richard Rorty and I result of this paper shows that he contributes some features and important properties to the western traditional philosophy which begins from Plato. Rorty criticizes these features. This investigation only refers six important features of traditional philosophy in various writings of Rorty which are very important in his philosophy. These features are: (1) escape from history,(2) being based on epistemology, (3) being base of culture, (4) being redemptive, (5) research of truth and non-human reality, (6) account of mind as mirror of nature.

Background: The concept of redemptive self is a part of life narrative in which good results or positive emotions are recovered from bad scenes. Emotional intelligence is a set of abilities, capabilities and skills that a person acquires in order to adapt to the environment effectively and achieve success in life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-redemption and emotional intelligence through psychological well-being, career adaptability and generativity variables, and to indicate the role of self-redemption and emotional intelligence in predicting these variables. Methods: In this study, 57 Iranian adults between the ages of 22 and 65 were selected through an available sampling method and were asked to complete a Life Story Questionnaire, Loyola Generative Scale (LGS), Ryff”, s Psychological Well Being Scale, Career Adaptability Questionnaire (CAAS) and the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Following completion of all questionnaires and tests, obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results: redemptive self and emotional intelligence have a significant positive relationship with career adaptability, psychological well-being and generativity. Moreover, the results of stepwise regression analysis showed that happiness (one of the components of emotional intelligence) and redemptive self are predictors of career adaptation and psychological well-being, while generativity is only predicted by redemptive self. Conclusion: The relationship between redemptive self and emotional intelligence with each of the mentioned psychological characteristics is a positive and significant relationship. However, only redemptive self and happiness can significantly predict psychological well-being and career adaptability, while the only predictor of being productive is redemptive self.

Hegel has an overview regarding religion and its process. By passing the art, religion and philosophy, this process goes from the lowest to the highest part. This article is going to clarify the difference between the Hegel's treatment of religion in various periods of his thought. It also considers the historical phenomenology of religion in Hegel's philosophy. In this regard in which religion consists of the two states of Art and Philosophy we can assume that the idea of religion is totally different from the other concepts which named in Hegel's philosophy. To add more, we ought to say that Trinity itself had the most powerful influence on Hegel's thought and his philosophy. Despite the fact that this aspect of philosophy of Hegel has been overlooked by many philosophers, but the uniqueness of role of religion in his thought has been followed and developed over the centuries.

The main objective of this study was to analyze the ideas of New Mu'tazila and Extraction its educational implications. To achieve this goal, the descriptive-analytic methud is used The main concern ofNew Mu'tazila is to find the agents of the progression and reconstruction of the Islamic world_ In their view, Islam is not a fuctor in Muslim backwardness; it is these misinterpretations and misunderstandings of Islam and the neglect of the position of "reason. " One of the most important foundations of New Mu'tazila is "scientism" and "secularism". New Mu'tazila believes that Islam can be compatible with modernity, human rights, democmcy andrationality. The results show that in New Mu'tazila education emphasis on, especially academic freedom, educational justice, encouragement of rationality and thinking, inoovation, the use of dialogue methods, Reviewing and discussing in education, providing equal education opportunities for men and women, advocating for scientific and fundamental research to solve the crises of contemporary society, combating igoorance and superstition, paying attention to all aspects of human (intellectual, emotioual), Physical, imaginative) in education, the emphasis on the independence and independence of the educatioual system, and in particular the university, to any government or religious party.

Aristotle, in all his works including Metaphysics, Physics and Generation and Corruption, wherever expressing a view on an issue, makes references to Plato and other philosophers who preceded him trying to present flaws in their thoughts. To begin with critique is Aristotle’s specific philosophic method. Especially in Metaphysics, which, inhis words, is the knowledge of ‘being in itself’ dealing with the what and why in all beings, he had to first consider and criticize the well-known views of his time among them the most vexatious one was that of Plato. Aristotle’s fight with Plato’s ‘theory of ideas’ started from the time he was a student of academy. His brief thesis ‘on ideas’, peri ideon, belongs to that era. The present article classifies Aristotle’s objections to Plato’s ideas trying to show their essence and intensity. To this end, the author’s have adopted a neutral stance toward the issues in their analysis and classification of the objections.